An Analysis of a Cultural or Media Representation of...

When it comes to disability, society is often oblivious to the struggle many people face. Despite the progression and modernisation disabled peoples private lives have undergone in the aftermath of political and medical progress, there has been no evolution of their public image (Riley, 2005). This is undoubtedly been a result of the misrepresentation of disability in the media, regardless of the fact as many as one in every five people in the world is disabled (Riley, 2005). There are few examples of disability being represented in various forms of media, using television as an example far too many productions promote stereotypes and myths that society contentedly accept, perhaps ad a result of lack of education. It is a television†¦show more content†¦We know this because he says it and as a result he actively discourages her from socialising. Social model thinking mandates barrier removal, independent living and other responses to social oppression, (Davis, 1997). It is a neighbour that looks at Olgas impairment and believes that it is not the disabling factor, but society is; he therefore decides he is going to make her a platform shoe to help her. This is an early form of social model thinking, looking at how society should not be excluding people with impairment. This representation of disability is differs slightly from others in films and fiction stories because it touches on the struggle of the impaired person and looks at how adaptations can promote inclusion, other than that there is the typical, common stereotyping that occurs in most productions. Stereotyping in the media most likely occurs because the general public are not aware of the issues surrounding disability so might not recognise disability if presented in its real form. Bibliography Davis, L. (1997). A disability studies reader. Riley, C. (2005). Disability and the media: prescriptions for change. University press of New England. Shakespeare, T. (1998). The Disability Reader: Social Science Perspectives . Continuum International PublishingShow MoreRelatedRepresentations Of Disability During The 20th Century1727 Words   |  7 PagesAmita Wanar HSPB W3950 James Colgrove 10/22/15 Representations of Disability in Military Veterans During the 20th Century At the end of the Civil War, Andrew Johnson alleged our nation s supposed investment in our veterans by claiming that â€Å" a grateful people will not hesitate to sanction any measures having for their relief of soldiers mutilated...in an effort to preserve our national existence.† Since then, our changing perception of disabled veterans of military service has affected the successRead MoreWhats Eating Gilbert Grape- Review and Critique2227 Words   |  9 Pagesreinforced through media imagery. Although negative associations that maintain inequities with regard to race, gender and homophobia (Conner Bejoian, 2006) have been somewhat relieved, disability is still immersed in harmful connotations that restrict and inhibit the life of people with disabilities in our society. Disability has appeared frequently in recent films (Byrd Elliot, 1988), a reflection of society’s interest in the subject. These films often misrepresent disability using stereotypesRead MoreHistory Of Medicine And Public Health Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagessociology in a digital culture and digital health analysis (Lupton, 2012). II. Research Questions †¢ â€Å"What does it feel like to be a fat person in a cultural context in which fat is reviled?† (Lupton, 2013, p. 67). †¢ â€Å"How are fat bodies discriminated against, how do fat people feel about their bodies and their weight-loss efforts, what their experiences of moving around in space and place?† (Lupton, 2013, p. 67) †¢ â€Å"Should fatness be considered a disability?† (Lupton, 2013, p. 67) III. Main Argument InRead MoreIntroduction to Urban Design and Community Planning3820 Words   |  16 Pageswhich identifies human and material resources and puts in place potential response system. It involves active participation from the people residing in that locality in making decision about the implementation of processes, programmed and projects, which affect them. In other words, a community plan is a list of activities a neighborhood, community or a group of people agree to follow to prevent loss of life, livelihoods and property in case of warning or a disaster. The Plan identifies in advanceRead MorePush : Paradigm Complexities : Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesPush: Paradigm Complexities 1 INTRODUCTION In Sapphire’s (1997) novel Push, she emphasizes an overall theme of surviving and overcoming adversities like identity, mental disability, and self-image. The dynamics of the book focuses on Clarice Precious Jones, a maltreated and obese, African American teenager who struggles with the repercussions of being physically, sexually, and psychologically abused by her parents— mainly, getting impregnated by her father. Precious and her first child by her fatherRead MoreThe Lgbt Rights And Freedom3056 Words   |  13 Pages LGBT Rights and Freedom Author’s Name Institutional Affiliation â€Æ' LGBT Rights and Freedom Peace, love, and unity should prevail for people to live with harmony with each other and unless these three factors take course, it would be difficult to consider one another as equal partners in the society. It is very important to note that every person was created differently and therefore, have their own unique features and characteristics and it would be wrong to discriminate against oneRead MoreHSA Quiz Essay2140 Words   |  9 Pages2 2 / 2 pts In medical homes, a _______ provides 24-hour access to healthcare services.      multidisciplinary team    Question 3 2 / 2 pts Older people classified as disabled adults include those with physical impairments (inability to perform with activities of daily living [ADLs]) and those       with cognitive disabilities that present early in life    Question 4 2 / 2 pts Adult day services assist physically or mentally impaired adults who wish to remain in their homes orRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Legal Regime For The Better Future Of Children Essay6622 Words   |  27 PagesCritical Analysis of Legal Regime for the better Future of Children â€Å"Childhood shows the man As morning shows the day† -John Milton in ‘Paradise Regained ’ Abstract Children like mirror, which reflect the future image of a nation. Children are not only the future of any nation but also strength in reserve. If they are healthy and active, educated and informed, disciplined andRead MoreThe Connection Between Psychotropic Drugs And Criminal Justice5455 Words   |  22 Pagesisolated shootings the one thing that has been found in the majority of the cases the perpetrator is that they suffer from a mental illness and are taking some form of that Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors (SSRI?s) medications. The government, media and also big pharmaceutical companies (BIG PHARM) are aware of the link and consistently sweep the facts under the rug for their own reasons. During the ?testing? phase of a drug the side effects that SSRI?s have were discovered however the companiesRead MoreStatus of Elderly People in Nepal7837 Words   |  32 PagesONLY ESID/HLM-MIPAA/6 9 October 2007 ENGLISH ONLY ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC High-level Meeting on the Regional Review of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) 9-11 October 2007 Macao, China Elderly People in Nepal What happened after MIPPA, 2002? * Nepal Participatory Action Network * This paper was prepared by Mr. Bhola Prasad Dahal, Immediate Past Chairperson/Executive Committee Member, Nepal Participatory Action Network, Nepal, for the High-level

The Ford-Firestone Tire Crisis - 3404 Words

CONTENTS CHAIRMAN SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 3 THE CASE AT A GLANCE 3 BACKGROUND 4 RULES THEORY 5 LEVELS OF CONTEXT 6 THE FORD-FIRESTONE CRISIS FACTS 8 CONCLUSION 12 REFRENCES Error! Bookmark not defined. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES Figure 1. Network Setting of Ford-Firestone Crisis 5 Figure 2. Levels of Context 7 EQUATIONS Equation 1. Primitive Form of Constitutive Rule 6 Equation 2. Primitive Form of a Regulative Rule 7 CHAIRMAN SUMMARY In the late 1990’s and early 2000’s several accidents were reported of Ford Explorers equipped with Firestone tires rolling over as a consequence of tires’ failures. By the end of 2000 the death toll was estimated at more than 250, and some†¦show more content†¦Long-term relationships, it is believed, are more likely to overcome problems. However, there can be occasions in which changes in the environment or external incidents motivate the parties to behave in unusual ways, thereby diminishing the value of relationships as if the only thing that counts is independent survival. Such occasions, in an entangled network setting bring to the scene new players, whose only contribution may only be to make the situation even more confusing. The study of the â€Å"Ford – Firestone Tire Crisis† is to understand how companies can act and re-act in complex, threatening situations and how such acts might lead not only to unexpected but also highly undesirable outcomes. Using Rules Theory represents the study of changes in the network position of both companies as well as changes that occurred to their relationship and the network context in which they operate. THE CASE AT A GLANCE Ford Motor Company and its close ally Firestone Tires faced a serious crisis when many Ford Explorers equipped with Firestone AT/ATX tires rolled over as a consequence of tire failures. In 1999 the first fatalities occurred in Saudi Arabia and not much later similar accidents were reported in Venezuela. Ford immediately reacted by blaming the weather and vehicle owners for under-inflating their tires. However, Ford also began replacing tires. It was not until March 2000 when a Ford Explorer rollover in Texas USAShow MoreRelatedCase Study : The Firestone Complete Auto Care1429 Words   |  6 Pagesespecially a good crisis plan, should be implemented to be able to handle any sorts of problems. Manufacturer companies also need to be ready to communicate to the stakeholders and let them know that they are their priority. However, when a plan is not firmly established, completely ignored or do not take the responsibility for the crisis, the company can jeopardize not only their reputation, but also loose financially, the way Firestone/Bridgestone and Ford Company had to undergo. The Firestone CompleteRead MoreCase Study : The Firestone Complete Auto Care Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons. Still a plan, especially a good crisis plan, should be implemented to be able to handle any sorts of problems. Manufacturer companies also need to be ready to communicate the stakeholders and let them know that they come first. However, when a plan is not firmly established or is completely ignored, the company can jeopardize not only their reputation, but also loose financially, the way Firestone/Bridgestone and Ford Company had to undergo. The Firestone Complete Auto Care is a company thatRead MoreFirestone : A Recall Revisited1695 Words   |  7 PagesCase 8-3 Firestone: A Recall Revisited There had been more than 200 deaths in Ford Explorer rollovers by November 2011. The reason was believed to be the faulty tires which was supplied by Ford’s main supplier, Bridgestone/ Firestone. The first ones to witness those tragedies were the consumers, via videotapes and still images. They didn’t know who they should point fingers at, but there were ample lawsuits and investigations. What happened in August 2000 was not the first crisis involving Ford MotorRead MoreCase Study - Ford and Firestones Tire Recall: the Costliest Information Gap in History871 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #1 Ford and Firestones Tire Recall: The Costliest Information Gap in History 1. Briefly summarize the problems and major issues in this case. To what extent was this crisis an information management problem? What role did databases and data management play? Answer: These are the problems and major issues that I found in this case: †¢ 46 deaths and more than 300 accidents †¢ A confidential memo sent by Firestone to Ford claiming that everything was fine †¢ Ford recall in 16 countriesRead More The Ford/Firestone Case Essays1121 Words   |  5 Pages The Ford/Firestone Case This case involves Ford and the Japanese tire manufacturer, Bridgestone/Firestone. The Ford Explorers which were prone to rolling over, came equipped with Firestone defected tires. The tire seemed to have a defect that caused the tread to separate from the whole of the tire and cause the vehicle to flip. Although Firestone knew about such defects, they continued to produce despite knowing the deadly consequences that lay behind their actions. The Explorer also had a badRead MoreCase Analysis #231022 Words   |  5 PagesCase 22 Analysis Firestone and Ford; The Tire Tread Separation Tragedy 1. What are the major and minor ethical issues involved in this case? The major ethical issue is Ford and Firestone’s negligence of the technical problems. They knew that something was wrong yet they did not do anything about it and therefore ignored their consumers’ safety and health. They used a utilitarian decision model where they were looking to accomplish the greatest good for the greatest number. Another majorRead MoreFirestone and Ford: the Tire Tread Separation Tragedy2032 Words   |  9 PagesFirestone and Ford: The Tire Tread Separation Tragedy Business Ethics November 8, 2011 Executive summary. Firestone/Bridgestone and Ford companies caught public negative attention in the end of 1990s because of their relation to tire tread separation cases, which caused numerous car accidents not only in US, but also abroad. Because they did not take proper actions to eliminate the number of this cases and remove all dangerous products from the market timely, even if they knew that somethingRead MoreFirestone and Ford: the Tire Tread Separation Tragedy5367 Words   |  22 PagesCase 30 Firestone and Ford: The Tire Tread Separation Tragedy I t is often tricky to know when an ethical or social issue really begins. Does it begin before it is â€Å"recognized† or â€Å"identified† as an issue? Does it begin when an isolated manager recognizes an incident or a trend and reports it via a memo to his superiors? Does it begin once the media get hold of information and the frenzy begins? Such questions arise in the case of the Firestone–Ford tire tread separation debacle that began dominatingRead MoreMgt/426 Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesunethically. Firestone, for instance had a recall of over six million of their tires. This was considered a crisis for the organization. The company decided to do things in an unethical nature, and used crisis management change strategies. The change strategies they used were mortification, correction action, bolstering, denial, and shifting the blame. The used mortification whenever they apologized to the families who had members killed. Corrective action was whenever Firestone recalled overRead MoreFirestone Case Danger on the Highway: Bridgeston/Firestons Tire Recall2747 Words   |  11 PagesFirestone Case Danger on the Highway: Bridgestone/Firestone ¡Ã‚ ¦s Tire Recall Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., based in Nashville, Tennessee, has been in the business of making tires since 1900, when Harvey Firestone founded the Firestone Tire Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. Firestone was acquired by Bridgestone USA, Inc., a subsidiary of Tokyo-based Bridgestone Corporation, in 1990 for $2.6 billion. Today, the company markets 8,000 different types and sizes of tires, and a host of other products. The

Obligations and Liabilities Job

Question: Task 1 Discuss the employers' obligations and liabilities in respect to Alex's ability to perform her job. You should make reference to health and safety legislation. Task2 As a school business manager (SBM - responsible for premises management, plays a role in recruitment and manages the non - teaching staff) for the school you have to deal with the immediate issue of Alex and also how best to avoid future issues. Identify and evaluate HRM best practice strategies for managing alcohol and stress in the school. You should make reference to both formal and informal ways that employers might use to deal with this issue. Answer: Introduction: The most important and valuable asset of an organization is the human resource management. The task of the HRM is very dynamic and challenging. It is important to understand give importance to the various human resource policies and activities within the organization for an efficient human resource management (Catano et al. 2010). The tasks of the HRM are attracting, recruiting, managing, developing and motivating employees of the organization. HRM deals with different types of managerial practices and personnel policies for influencing the workforce of the organization. In other words, it can be said that all the decisions affecting the work of the organizations are part of the HRM function. Providing a suitable workplace for the employees is an important task of the HRM of the organization. There are certain rules and regulations that have to be maintained by the employees of the organization and the HRM has the responsibility to look after this facts (Connell and Teo, 2010). In this essay, the case study of Alexanda will be discussed for the better understanding of the responsibilities of the human resource management. She is the cook in a kitchen of a primary school. Once she was a very good employee, but due to the stressful workplace she has become inefficient in her work. Task 1: Scope and Responsibilities of the HRM with respect to the case study: The scope of the human resource management of an organization is the all major activities of the employees from the time of he or she enters in the organization to the time of his or her living. The main activities of the HRM are: job planning, recruitment, selection, training, job evaluation, performance appraisal, welfare, maintaining safety and health, etc. (Krausert, 2013). The overall aim of the human resource management is to maintain the good quality of the individual and performances of the employees for the success of the business of the organization. There are certain responsibilities of the HRM of a business organization. Strategic human resource management has the primary aim of the development of the organization by developing and allocating human resources for supporting and implementing other strategic plans for achieving the corporate objectives (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010). Every manager of the organization has the responsibility of managing the employees. The main task of the managers of the organization is to ensure that they have the proper number of employees needed with the proper knowledge, education and skills. The mangers of the organization are responsible for motivating the employees for getting efficient working from them (Inauen, 2014). Employees are the capital of the organizations. The HRM of an organization is responsible for giving a protective, enjoyable workplace with less stress. This will increase the loyalty of the employees towards the organization and better production to the business. Maintaining the safety and health at the workplaces is an important task of the HRM. The employees also should maintain certain rule and regulations at their workplaces (Rowley and Jackson, 2010). Health and safety legislations regarding the occupational environment deal with the legislations for regulating the standard of the workplace for preventing the accidents, injuries and diseases in the workplaces of the organization. This includes the appropriate training for handling dangerous equipment at the workplaces. According to this legislation, employees can refuse to perform some job that may be harmful to his or her health (Robertson, 2015). In the case study, Alex is a cook in a primary school. The senior employees of the school mentioned her as a very efficient worker. At present, there are certain changes came to Alex, which is affecting her work performances. Her seniors found that she begun to come late in work with the smell of alcohol. This is against the health and safety legislations because cooking in this condition will be harmful to the students of the school who are the most important part of the organization. Drinking alcohol is also harmful for the health of Alex. The managers have the duty of finding the fact and its effect on the performances of Alex. Alex is important to the organization because she is working there for a long time with an effective performance. There must be something wrong with the present working situation of Alex, which is affecting her. The HRM of the school has the responsibility of finding out the possible causes and facts behind the situation. It has been found that the work pla ce of Alex has become very stressful due the absent of other two employees for their illness. The HRM of the school has to manage the stress and motivate Alex for giving better performance and avoid drinking in the work place. This situation cannot be ignored due to the harmful effect. The management should not take any strict act against Alex as she was a very good employee of the school, and there are some problems regarding the working environment of her. The responsibility of the HRM of the school is to take suitable steps for removing the stress at the workplace and bring Alex back to her efficient working status. Task 2: Dealing the immediate issue and strategy for avoiding future issues: In this section of the essay, the learner will discuss the process of dealing with the situation of Alex, as the Scholl Business Manager (SBM). SBM plays a vital role behind the process of recruitment and further management of the employees of the school. In order to solve this issue, some instructions will be given to the hr manager of the school for taking care about the situation. The hr manger should investigate the facts about the case scenario. The viewpoint of Alex about the workplace should be taken into consideration (Meijerink, Bondarouk and Lepak, 2015). In this purpose, the management has to ask her if there is any problem regarding her working. It has been found that her other two employees are not coming for work due to their long time illness. Therefore, all the responsibilities of the two employees and her own have to be taken by her. It is very stressful, and this could be the major issue behind the wrong condition. It is quite impossible to remove all the stresses f rom the workplace, but it can be decreased to a tolerable level. Other two employees will not come for a long period; in this situation other two part-time employees will be recruited for helping Alex. The learner will also talk to her, for understanding what is wrong with her. She should be motivated by the senior employees for giving effective work. The harmful facts of alcohol consumption have to be discussed with her. Different motivational strategies should be used for motivating her. Some facilities that can help her in the workplace should be supplied to her by the management of the school. The management should observe all the sections of the school and employees who are working in various sections. Meeting should be held with the employees in a periodic manner for understanding the problems. After identification of the problems, the management has to take effective steps for solving those. Stress cannot be totally removed from the work places. Stress management strategy should be adopted by the management for avoiding future issues like this. Strategy for managing stress and alcohol in the school: Stress is the mental, physical, or emotional responses of someone to some activities that are the cause of mental or physical tension. In other words, stress can be defined as a self-developed mental pain. When someone expects more than the achievement from his or her work when he or she thought that the work is beyond of his or her capability, then a mental illness occurs. This mental illness is called stress at the workplace (Quick, 2013). At present, the workplaces of the business organizations are more stressful due the high load of work. In order to manage the stress in the workplace of the school, the employers should understand the various facts of the work place stresses (Chojnacka and Witkowski, 2012). People react in various ways against their stresses. Some of them get physically ill due to the workplace stresses. Being insomniac, having high blood pressure, having headache, being alcoholic are the most common outcome of the stress. Insecurity, incapability, wrong perception, angry management, failures, mistakes are the common causes of the work place stresses (Pak and Chung, 2013). As stated by (Meja and McCarthy, 2010) there are certain ways of avoiding the stresses at the work places: The employers have to make sure that the employee ahs the capability of taking the responsibility of the job position before recruitment. The employee also has to be sure about his or her own ability to do work. Proper training should be given to the employees. Proper planning is needed for doing efficient work in within a specified time. The management should not be very much rough to the employees. When an employee gets criticized by the seniors, he or she should not react at that time with a denying manner. Instead of protesting, the employee should listen to the senior carefully for understanding what the actual responsibility of the job. In order to avoid stress, the employee should take the criticism as a lesson of learning not in any other wrong perception (Thompson, 2011). Being an alcoholic is the outcome of having so much mental and physical stresses. The management has to develop a stress management section in the HRM of the organization. This section will help the employees to work in a suitable environment with less stress. Working in a happy mood and having colleagues as friends is a key concept of having less stress. Therefore, the management of the organization should develop the work environment like this to avoid high stresses in their employees (Homberg and Heine, 2014). The management should not give too much-working pressure to the employees. Of course, there are some needs of giving pressure for the high production but the pressure should be limited. All the employees have to enjoy their works and workplaces (Kaspereen, 2012). The above-discussed methods are the formal way of managing the stresses of the workplaces. In order to manage the situations like the case study, the management of the school have to develop their stress management system by considering these issues. Stress management and providing enjoyable working environment is not the only task of the HRM. The HRM of the organization must have to develop certain rules and regulations for the employees of the school. Alcohol drinking at the workplace or coming to work in a drunken state have to be strictly prohibited by the management of the school. After developing an environment with fewer stresses, the management should be ready to take legal steps against the alcohol consumption at the workplace (S. Schuler, 2013). The managers should talk individually in case of finding any of the employees in drunken condition at the workplaces. In case of drinking at the school or coming in a drunken condition, the employees should be warned strictly for not to do that again. Whenever this type of issue happens more than one time, then the management should take legal steps against that employee. Conclusion: The HRM of any business organization has the responsibility of managing the employees in a strategic way. The behaviour of the employees and their efficiency in working get affected by the workplace stresses. In order to manage the stresses at the workplaces, the management of the business organizations has to take some serious steps for manage the workplace stresses in their employees. In this essay the case study if Alex is considered to discuss the fact who was a good cooker at a school but due the stress of the workplace she used to get drunk and come late to work. Responsibilities of the HRM of the school respect to this situation, the necessary steps to handle this situation are discussed in this essay. A strategic way of managing the workplace stress and alcohol at school has been given in the last section of the essay. References Books Chojnacka, M. and Witkowski, K. (2012). Determinants of stress in the company perfecting quality. Management, 16(1). Connell, J. and Teo, S. (2010). Strategic HRM. Prahran, Vic: Tilde University Press. Homberg, D. and Heine, D. (2014). Motivation in public sector organizations introduction to the special issue. Evidence-based HRM, 2(1). Meijerink, J., Bondarouk, T. and Lepak, D. (2015). Employees as Active Consumers of HRM: Linking Employees HRM Competences with Their Perceptions of HRM Service Value. Human Resource Management, p.n/a-n/a. Journals Catano, V., Francis, L., Haines, T., Kirpalani, H., Shannon, H., Stringer, B. and Lozanzki, L. (2010). Occupational stress in Canadian universities: A national survey. International Journal of Stress Management, 17(3), pp.232-258. Inauen, E. (2014). How the approval of rules influences motivation. Evidence-based HRM, 2(1), pp.96-113. Kaspereen, D. (2012). Relaxation intervention for stress reduction among teachers and staff. International Journal of Stress Management, 19(3), pp.238-250. Krausert, A. (2013). HRM Systems for Knowledge Workers: Differences Among Top Managers, Middle Managers, and Professional Employees. Human Resource Management, 53(1), pp.67-87. Meja, O. and McCarthy, C. (2010). Acculturative stress, depression, and anxiety in migrant farmwork college students of Mexican heritage. International Journal of Stress Management, 17(1), pp.1-20. Pak, J. and Chung, G. (2013). "Top Management Commitment to HRM, Visibilities, and HRM Gap: A Qualitative Approach". Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.15181-15181. Pilbeam, S. and Corbridge, M. (2010). People resourcing and talent planning. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Quick, J. (2013). Preventive stress management in organizations. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Robertson, H. (2015). The Health and Safety at Work Act turned 40. Occupational Medicine, 65(3), pp.176-179. Rowley, C. and Jackson, K. (2010). Human resource management. New York: Routledge. S. Schuler, R. (2013). Opportunities abound in HRM and innovation. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 4(2), pp.121-127. Thompson, P. (2011). The trouble with HRM. Human Resource Management Journal, 21(4), pp.355-367.

Why the Modern Project Manager Needs to Comprehend Business Models

Introduction Strategic management literatures have shown the increasing need for corporations to realize the prolonged competitive advantage in the current unpredictable and turbulent business environment.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Why the Modern Project Manager Needs to Comprehend Business Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, most discussions and analyses show how modern economies and technology have altered the nature of traditional business models in most companies that range from product to technical corporations. However, modern project managers hardly understand how business models are sustained, appraised, shaped and what they actually denote (Doumeingts Ducq 2001, p.147). Therefore, modern project managers must comprehend business models in order to develop guidelines and frameworks that can help an organization to utilize the resources efficiently for survival and competition. The potential and use of business model Research on business models is still an immature field though it has proved its relevance. The key segments where business-models have enhanced are in the formation of apparatus and conceptions that venture supervisors might exploit to transform, evaluate, plan, converse, comprehend, and seize the corporation trade rationales (Jones, 1960). The subsequent sections clearly highlight the generalized reasons why modern project managers must understand the concept of business models.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sharing and Understanding Modern project managers need to comprehend business models as they assist in sharing and communicating, understanding, visualizing and capturing business logics (Kaplan Norton 1992, p.1). Allocating and conversing Nearly all corporations have trade logics that are supposed to be captured, visualized, and comprehended. This can only be realized through business models. The knack to distribute and converse such business ideas with shareholders is just a preceding rational outcome. According to Galper (2001, p76) claims, to formalize and express business models in a concrete manner may assist modern project managers in sharing and communicating their business understanding to other shareholders. Such ability is significant to any dialogue among individuals with diverse backgrounds including engineers, system architect and modern project managers (Aguilar-Savà ©n 2004, p.133). Comprehending The current business models have become very complicated especially those that have well-built e-business and ICT elements. The associations between the decisive success factors and different business model elements are not often directly observed (Chesbrough Rosenbloom, 2002). Thus, the social systems modeling process can help modern project managers to understand and identify the relationshi ps and appropriate constituents within the specific project domain (Magretta 2002, p.87). Furthermore, within the business models there are visual symbols that can enhance modern project managers understanding of any task that lies ahead.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Why the Modern Project Manager Needs to Comprehend Business Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Visualizing Modern project managers are human beings and they are rather incomplete in their capacity to process any multifaceted information (Kaplan Norton 2000, p.171). This can be revealed practically and tentatively. In case business venture data is processed through diagrammatic coordination of trade models it can boost the scale at which the involvedness could be effectively managed. By comprehending business models, modern project managers can use the conceptualization process in capturing the business concepts with minimal effort and they will be able to present the outcomes graphically (Weill Vitale 2002, p.21). Capturing Even though business models for corporations are simplified symbols of their business concepts, they are hardly described clearly in an abstract manner. Studies show that modern project managers are usually unable to communicate their business models clearly (Weill Vitale, 2001). Besides, since modern project managers draw on diverse intellectual models, they find it difficult to comprehend business models in a similar way. Therefore, a mutual and generic concept that can be used to describe and understand business models is essential. The frameworks offered by business models can serve as a shared language among the shareholders while project managers can use them to carry out what each party comprehends easily (Reich Benbasat 1996, p.55). Analyzing The concept of business models may help project managers to analyze corporate business logics. In fact, through comprehending business models, modern project managers can be well positioned to understand that the concept is a novel analyzing unit (Mahadevan, 2000).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, comprehending business models may assist modern project managers in improving the measurement, comparison, and observance of corporate business logics. Measuring Comprehending and capturing business models can help modern project managers to classify appropriate measures that must be followed to improve project management. Such capability may aid in the selection of executive information system indicators that can be used to monitor project strategy execution. This can be via the use of a balanced-scorecard plan that has innovative, internal business and clients as well as business perspectives (Bernus, 2001, p.114). Tracking and observing Corporate business logics are continuously changing due to external and internal pressures. Hence, modern project managers must comprehend business models in a structured way to be able to handle specific issues that eventually change (McKay Radnor, 1998). Comparing Just like an eventual observance of corporate business models, a structured plan might allow modern project managers to evaluate their business models against the ones being held by rival corporations. This is founded on the fact that business models are comparable when they are comprehended in similar ways. When project managers understand and compare their business models to those that other companies have they are better placed to generate some insights that can foster the innovation of business models (Timmers 1998, p.4). Managing According to Rappa (2004, p.33), business models play an important role of improving the firm business management logics. Comprehending business concepts can therefore support current project directors in restructuring the execution, altering, scheduling, and scheming of corporate trade models. With better comprehension of business models, modern project managers can quickly react to any adjustments within business surroundings. Designing It is often difficult to design a business model in which all its elements are coherent and reinforce each other. That is, it is not easy to design a business model where individual elements are optimized in the project. Due to these complexities modern project managers must base the success of their projects on the interactions between each element in the model. This understanding is even compounded by the fact that modern technology that is being adopted in business today adds to the variety of business models that one can imagine (Lechner Hummel, 2002). Conceptualization of a business model that identifies the vital building blocks together with their relationships enables managers to draw a protracted business model. Planning, changing and implementing In situations where business projects require novel model or need to change the present one, conceptualization and visualization of the model would be essential in improving planning, transformation and implementation. In situations where there is evidence that elements can change models can easily be transformed. I ncidentally, Linder and Cantrell (2000) anticipated a change model where transformations taking place in the firm as well as its future profitability are based. Responding Appreciating, planning and putting into practice business models generate the source in which modern managers can suitably respond to the outside demands. Proper understanding of the concept of business model supports modifications that lead to a new form of model (Petrovic Kittl, 2001). This is very important in tentative and fast shifting competitive business environment. Aligning The business model forms the conceptual bridge that aligns the organization of the whole business, strategy, and technologies used. Chesbrough and Rosenbloom (2000) assert that business model act as a connecting construct amid expertise and the cost-effective significance of the company. Modern project managers can use the concept of the business model as a significant tool to promote development, advance current business processes an d align information systems (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2003). Improving decision-making The concept of business model enhances communication and understanding of the business logic. Therefore, managers or decision makers can use the business model concept to be more informed and enhance their decision-making process (Hayes Finnegan, 2005). Moreover, the business model has become an innovative component of examination (Stà ¤hler, 2002) that is observable and comparable. Business model concept supports classification of new procedures that are essential in decision-making. Prospect Through simulations and portfolios, modern project managers can use the business model to define probable prospect for the firm. The concept of business model is an important tool that supports innovation and prepares the business for the future. It is essential for business managers to apply the concept to drive forward their projects and ensure complete implementation of the undertaken projects. Innovation Modular and formal business model is capable of creating and improving changes as well as the increase in response abilities within the company. The business model concepts can promote innovation within organization. Specific sets of elements of a business model together with their interrelationships can become a building block for a very new concept (Burgi Victor, 2004). The designers can experiment and test with these elements to create innovation or very different models. This capability is restricted only by sets of pieces supplied (Beresford, 2001). Amit and Zott (2001) unequivocally understand the concept of business model as a focal point for innovation. Consistent with Mitchell and Coles (2003) assertions, improvements resulting from the concepts of business model add more value to the firm. Portfolios for business models According to the evolutionary theory law of excess diversity by Allen (2001), the firm should maintain a selection of business models to prepare for the f uture. The assertions by this theoretical perspective are that evolutionary strategies of firms require good quantity of diversified internal quality. Allen further suggests that businesses require varied potential strategies to be implemented in volatile and changing environments (Andriani, 2001). Many business models that companies have will enable them to cope with changes in the environment. Simulating and testing Modern project managers always expect the testing and simulating of business models. However, simulations normally do not envisage any prospect. Managers perform simulations and testing as a way of undertaking low-risk investigations without incurring additional organization costs (Sterman, 2000). Testing and simulating business models makes managers to formulate future prospects (Richards Morrison, 2001). Conclusion Business models concept becomes a very important tool for business managers especially at this time when the business environment is volatile and highly competitive. The reality is that appropriate application of the business model concept not only enhances the organization capabilities, but also increases its competitiveness. Thus, modern project managers should build business concepts that enhance the realization of future prospects and add more value to the business. Through comprehending business models, modern project managers might have suitable management strategies. References Aguilar-Savà ©n, R 2004, â€Å"Business process modeling: Review and framework†, International Journal of Production Economics, no.90, pp. 129-149. 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